What your waist-hip ratio says about fat distribution
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) compares the circumference of your waist to your hips, producing a number that reflects body shape — and by extension, where your body tends to store fat. The World Health Organization recognizes WHR as a useful indicator of cardiovascular and metabolic risk, distinct from but complementary to BMI.
WHR = waist circumference ÷ hip circumference
Apple vs pear shapes
A higher WHR reflects what's commonly described as an "apple" body shape — fat concentrated around the abdomen — while a lower WHR reflects a "pear" shape, with fat distributed more toward the hips and thighs. Abdominal (visceral) fat is metabolically more active and more strongly linked to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk than fat stored peripherally, which is the underlying reason WHR is a useful health indicator beyond simple aesthetics.
WHO risk thresholds
For men, a WHR below 0.90 is generally considered low risk, 0.90 to 0.99 moderate, and 1.0 or above high risk. For women, the thresholds sit lower — below 0.80 is low risk, 0.80 to 0.84 moderate, and 0.85 or above high risk — reflecting natural differences in healthy fat distribution between sexes.
Measuring accurately
Measure your hips at their widest point, typically around the buttocks, and your waist at its narrowest point, usually just above the belly button. Take both measurements standing relaxed, without pulling the tape tight enough to compress soft tissue, for the most consistent and accurate result.